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KYIV SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC EXPERTISE

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The role of forensic auto-technical examination in crime detection: features of research

Recent decades are characterized as a period of rapid development of transport. The transport system has become an integral part of the general progress of mankind, in which new threats simultaneously arise, namely, road traffic accidents. Road accidents have long been a serious problem in the social and economic spheres of society, and their negative social consequences are observed in many countries of the world. Basically, accidents are caused by violation of traffic rules or requirements for technical operation of vehicles.

The practice of investigating road accidents indicates that, in connection with the specificity of this category of criminal cases, one of the main sources of evidence for them is the conclusion of an auto-technical examination. This circumstance, as well as increased requirements for the quality of the investigation in relevant cases, led to an increase in the need for forensic auto-technical expertise.

Forensic experts of the auto-technical research department at a high professional level conduct research on the technical condition of vehicles, transport and tracing studies, research of vehicle parts, research on the circumstances and mechanism of road accidents.

According to the Instructions on the appointment and conduct forensic examinations and expert studies within the framework of automotive technical expertise, the following indicative issues are resolved:

  • What are the failures, based on the requirements of the Traffic Rules to the technical condition of the vehicle, did the system (mechanism, assembly, unit) of the vehicle have (had)?
  • Are there any malfunctions in the investigated vehicle that could be the technical cause of the accident?
  • When, regarding the moment of the accident, its occurrence or in the process of its development, did these malfunctions occur?
  • When did the malfunction occur in relation to the moment of the accident, its onset or during its development?
  • What is the reason for the failure of this mechanism, system (steering, brake system, etc.) of the vehicle?
  • Did the driver have a chance to detect the fault before the accident?
  • Did the driver have the technical ability to prevent the accident in the presence of this malfunction?
  • What was the speed of the vehicle at various points in the development of an accident (if tracks of different lengths or are interrupted, should this be indicated)?
  • What was the speed of the vehicle, taking into account the damage that it received in a collision?
  • What was the speed of the vehicle at various points in the development of an accident (if tracks of different lengths or are interrupted, should this be indicated)?
  • What was the speed of the vehicle, taking into account the damage it received in the collision?
  • What is the maximum permissible speed of the vehicle subject to the given road visibility (indicating what the road visibility was)?
  • What is the maximum permissible speed of the vehicle on the rounded road of a given radius?
  • What is the smallest safe distance between the vehicles in the given traffic environment?
  • What is the distance required to safely overtake a passing vehicle in the conditions of a given road situation?
  • What is the stopping and (or) stopping distance of a vehicle at a certain speed of its movement in the conditions of a given road situation?
  • How was the driver supposed to act in this traffic environment in accordance with the technical requirements of the Traffic Rules?
  • Did the driver have the technical ability to prevent a collision from the moment a traffic hazard occurred or from the moment a traffic obstruction was detected?
  • Did the driver’s actions comply with the technical requirements of the Traffic Rules?
  • From a technical point of view, were the actions of the vehicle driver in a causal connection with the occurrence of an accident?
  • At what speed did the vehicle move? If this speed exceeded the established limits (which ones are indicated), did the driver have the technical ability to avoid contact with the obstacle (which one is indicated) if this speed did not exceed the permissible one?
  • Did the driver have the technical ability to stop the vehicle by means of emergency braking from the moment the danger to traffic (the moment the danger occurs) is indicated before reaching the obstacle (pedestrian)?

The document on the appointment of an automotive technical expertise (expert engagement) should contain data on the parameters and condition of the road situation, road surface and circumstances regarding the actions of the participants in the event, from which the expert should proceed when conducting research (output data).

We draw attention to the fact that other tasks may be assigned to the department’s specialists, the solution of which is connected with the study of the technical condition of vehicles, the general road situation and the actions of the participants in road accidents.

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